I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!I
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
JON BON JOVI FUCKING RULES OH MY GOD IVE BECOME A GROUPIE
I WAS JUST FRONT ROW SILVER MOSH PIT AT THE BON JOVI CONCERT IN ABU DAHBI IT WAS FKING AMAZING OH MY GOD I WANNA FUCK RICHI SAMBORA SO BAD……..THEY WERE AWESOME, AWESOME, AWESOME, BON JOVI FUCKING ROCKS, THEY PUT ON A SHOW OF A LIFE TIME…GOD I FEEL LIKE IM FLOATING ON AIR….I LOVE RICHIE DUMP DENISE
We should love all people, Hillary has shown this time after time. She fights for all of us! Gay…Black… Hispanic…Women…all of us. She has done this for many, many years.
Disgusting. It might be a reaction to the fact that our culture is becoming more tolerant of gays, lesbians, bisexuals & transexuals and some people can't handle it… I don't know.
I'm not a violent person nor do I usually wish bad upon others but in this case I pray that what goes around will hopefully will come around.
Im from Michigan and just want to remind you all this is not a true statistic and we don't have any other states statistics on this
but no more hating on people MI
I understand not all Michigan people are haters. But when are we going to get with the times. People who are causing hate against another human being is just wrong. I am a 37 yr. old mom of 2 kids that think no matter who my kids love as long as they are happy, what the hell do I care. And if it doesnt hurt other people, once againn what do I care. I think these people obviously dont have any thing better do to. GET A JOB!
Sex is a choice you morons- just as is your SEXUAL PREFERENCE. You don't have to act on your "URGES" to have same gender sex. You CHOOSE to commit the act. Why should those of us who don't choose to hump the same sex or the neighbors dog have to pay for YOUR choice. Live together as friends - hump in private - we don't friggin want to hear about it!!
Well, I'll tell ya all, we aren't sitting back & taking it! I had a guy come after me with a knife as I was getting in my car. As many of us do now, I had a Louisville Slugger in my back seat. When he lunged at me I let him have it right in the temple. As he dropped the knife and fell to the ground convulsing, I called 911. "Self-defense", pure & simple the cops said. Now he needs someone to feed & dress him every day for the rest of his life & I feel GREAT about it! He wanted to kill me but got what HE deserved without the cost of a trial and incarceration! So come on assholes, I'm ready.
That sickens me. I am from Michigan, and I promise you not everyone is like that. I am very accepting of everyone regardless of their race, religion, and sexual orientation. Love you Perez!
It would be interesting to see the actual statistics, and not just the 133% figure. Were the victims of these crimes targeted b/c of their sexual orientation or was their orientation not a motivation for the crime? If they were targeted, then that's horrible, but the statistics seem suspect.
I am from Michigan (3rd generation Michigander) and we are in really tough economic times. I think poverty brings the worse out of society and the people that can turn this state are moving out in record numbers so they can get jobs and a future. I wont be long till I have to move away to get a job. I am not looking froward to it. But there's no jobs here!!
WE CANNOT MAKE THE ANAL INVADERS FEEL SAFE AND WELCOME
I FAVOR HAVING VIGILANTES GO AFTER THESE SODOMIZING CHILD MOLESTERS
WE WILL NOT REST UNTIL THERE ARE NO MORE FAGS OR DYKES
its about time homo,s knew the truth you are perverts can,t get a date with the other sex so lets suck a dick, super aids is out there waiting for you BRUCE
That's too bad… weird though, because I go to school in Ann Arbor (home to UMich) which is an extremely liberal town, and I've also heard has the highest amount of gays per capita (just go to club Necto on a Friday night, haha!).
Gay power activate! We are going to take over the world. The population will eventually end because there won't be any conception going on. We'll just pushing mud and spread aids. hoo ray for homos!
Hey, I moved to MI from ATLANTA, GA. I miss Atlanta soooo bad. I really hate Michigan mainly because the economy sucks so bad. I moved up here with my Fiancee' and he has a good job but I have found NO luck. Eh, the people are pretty conservative in my area. But I love the gays. Love you Perez!
yeah excuse me but i find this VERY offensive as well, as a michagander as well as thinking ANY hate crime is wrong, it's REALLY hard here in michigan rt now, and you perez and all those celebs you bitch about sit up in the lap of luxury, while i live in a state where its VERY difficult to even find a jo!!!!!! so please don't think ALL people in michigan feel this way and that we are a bunch of hicks, cause if that were true it would just give me another reason to get the fuck out of a state i can no longer tolerate!!!!!!!!!!!! it's just hard when you're ENTIRE family lives here!!!!!and another thing i'm sorry to say but the area of mich that i live in is EXTREMELY black and yeah it's nasty and FULL of crime here, i WOULD NOT recommend ANYONE moving here!lol gawd please help me……………………………….
Re: me – Unfortunately, I think you are wrong. Michigan is a liberal state that's why it's in shambles and been in shambles for quite a while. Did you know you can buy a house there (Detroit) for less than $2,000? Liberals have that place in the shitter. Hence, don't elect these liberal arts majors who don't have a clue how the real world works. People with high i.q.'s typically vote republican. The power hungry liberal politicians promise you handout recipients the world, but deliver you nothing. Can you say - Suckers!
Sure this is wrong - picking on a certain characteristic of a person and hating them for it - this time sexual orientation. However, isn't that what you do on this site, Perez? You seem to randomly pick someone for whatever reason (except being homosexual) and encourage a hate campaign against them disguised as bitchy gossip. Can't have it both ways…
To all of those that all of the sudden hate Michigan because of SOME of the ignorant people that live there, you are just as ignorant and intollerable as those that hate gays. Good job!
i too am from michigan, and especially as someone who is an LGBTQ minor at umich these statistics are really disheartening, HOWEVER it is soo important to realize that every state, every region, every country has areas that are more accepting of "alternative lifestyles" (which is of course a completely arbitrary concept) and that are less accepting. we still need to make sure we pay attention to intolerance and violence that is occuring EVERYWHERE, even if it is less visible.
That's what you nasty fucks get for trying to shove your gay agenda down people's throats!!!! I keep telling you butt fucks your nasty ass lifestyle will never be accepted.
As a human being and a Michigander I am appalled by this report bead economy or not there is no excuse. My hope is that not only do these crimes go down in number, but that hateful legislation that was passed 4 years ago banning even the compromise called civil unions. We have a long way to go but we will fight to get there.
This is one of the only serious things you have posted where I COMPLETELY agree with you. It concerns AMERICAN citizens and issues that concern AMERICA!
Re: Gloria – First, you're wrong. People with higher IQ'S typically vote for the democrats. Second, Detroit is in shambles because of outsourcing and foreign auto companies. The state relied too much on the auto industry, and when it went sour, so did the economy. This has been happening for decades, and the Michigan economy is in a terrible position now. Get your facts straight. Republicans/Conservatives such as yourself need to learn how to develop an actual point with facts instead of a load of crap.
i'm hoping that this reported increase is due to people becoming increasingly comfortable stepping forward and saying, "yes, i'm gay, and THIS is what happened to me simply because of my sexuality. this is unfair and i refuse to sit back and do nothing."
hey perez, it's michigan, and where I live, you get mugged downtown. this really isn't what our police are worried about (the murders and assaults, yes, harassment, not at all).
that's news to me as a lifelong MI resident! trust me not everyone in MI sucks! geez i thought it was getting better & i hope 1 day to be like CA & have gay marriage legalized here as well! I am definitely in support of love & equality!!!
god that's mortifying!
I am from michigan and I almost cant believe it. We have a large gay community in ferndale and theyre are clubs in the detroit area. I think things tend to get a little crazy at these clubs but I never thought they was gay bashing. I didnt think people mind at all. I think things are getting better.
I'm from Michigan and DAMN I didn't know the gays were getting hated on so hard. Sad. If that's your lifestyle then more power to you, who cares. YES WE CAN!
hahaha good if we beat the shit out of enough of them it will stop all these fags from running around freely and eventually stop the violence because they started it by being gay in the first place. Im glad there is one state at least on the Egypt band wagon! Gays are useless to the human race, spread disease, and cant even reproduce (thank god).. they should all be quarantined to one spot and exterminated, just like a virus.. cause im pretty sure thats what causes gayness. Im petitioning to the government to adopt and egyptian style policy to deal with the gay acceptance problem, what kind of world are we building for the future generations? All who support the cause please contact me! Take back America!!
I live in Lansing, MI and take it from me, it's not just the gays and minorities suffering, it's everyone. Someone on like comment 50 something said something about MI and auto-industry and out-sourcing, ect and they are right. We Michiganders are ALL starting to feel the pinch of times. Not only are crimes against minorities up, but so are crimes against everyone. Just yesterday two men (who btw are black) decided that they needed a way to make money so they set off on a string of four armed robberies in a populated part of town in the middle of the day right behind a police station!! If that is not the difinition of desparation, then I don't know what is. What other people living in other states need to understand is that times are tough, but they are much tougher in the "Great" Lakes State than in any other. Now I am not in any way trying to excuse this insane 133% increase in crimes against minorities and gays. Iam just trying to help myself understand how this beautiful state that has harbored my family for five generations, this state that has been my home for my whole life got like this. Where did we go wrong Michiganders? It's time for a change!
Unfortunately, statistics are inherently unreliable. Based on this article, one cannot tell if the number of hate crimes has actually increased, if the reports have increased, or if both have increased. In any event, hate crimes are evil.
I live in Ann Arbor and there is a very tolerant vibe here towards all folks. I think you can't paint all of Michigan with that same brush. there are ignorant folks all over the world.
Wow, I didn't know that. Ferndale, MI is full of homosexual people….and did y'all know Ferndale was the first city in Michigan to elect an openly gay mayor, Craig Covey, on November 6, 2007?
Re: Gloria – Not quite. You are confusing old school economic "liberalism" (unions and all that) with social liberalism. The two do not always meet (maybe Dennis Kucinich). If you look at the Rust Belt, you will find the landscape littered with old retired union labor "economic liberals" who hate the queers, the (fill in the epithet), etc. I have relatives in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana and grew up in Pennsylvania, so trust me on this.
FIRST!
Not all Michiganders are hatemongers!
Third !
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!I
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
I HATE GAYS!!!
Stay out of Michigan then. they dont want you
Hey!
JON BON JOVI I LOVE RICHIE SO MUCH
JON BON JOVI FUCKING RULES OH MY GOD IVE BECOME A GROUPIE
I WAS JUST FRONT ROW SILVER MOSH PIT AT THE BON JOVI CONCERT IN ABU DAHBI IT WAS FKING AMAZING OH MY GOD I WANNA FUCK RICHI SAMBORA SO BAD……..THEY WERE AWESOME, AWESOME, AWESOME, BON JOVI FUCKING ROCKS, THEY PUT ON A SHOW OF A LIFE TIME…GOD I FEEL LIKE IM FLOATING ON AIR….I LOVE RICHIE DUMP DENISE
hello
M*ch*g*n SUCKS!!
Go BUCKS!
whatever…
no first, but what the fuck? i hate michigan now, i can't believe this
Muslims in detroit
Re: I HATE GAYS!!! – screw u. try to grow up and mature a bit.
THANKS KENTUCKY!! GO HILLARY!
We should love all people, Hillary has shown this time after time. She fights for all of us! Gay…Black… Hispanic…Women…all of us. She has done this for many, many years.
GOOD!!!!!!!!!
AND IT WILL NOT STOP UNTIL ALL OF YOU SODOMITES DISAPPEAR!!!
YOU WILL ALL BURN IN HELL YOU DIRTY SODOMITE FUDGEPACKERS
thats terribly disappointing.
Disgusting. It might be a reaction to the fact that our culture is becoming more tolerant of gays, lesbians, bisexuals & transexuals and some people can't handle it… I don't know.
I'm not a violent person nor do I usually wish bad upon others but in this case I pray that what goes around will hopefully will come around.
Im from Michigan and just want to remind you all this is not a true statistic and we don't have any other states statistics on this
but no more hating on people MI
YOUR A DUMB FUCKSTIK
I understand not all Michigan people are haters. But when are we going to get with the times. People who are causing hate against another human being is just wrong. I am a 37 yr. old mom of 2 kids that think no matter who my kids love as long as they are happy, what the hell do I care. And if it doesnt hurt other people, once againn what do I care. I think these people obviously dont have any thing better do to. GET A JOB!
Sex is a choice you morons- just as is your SEXUAL PREFERENCE. You don't have to act on your "URGES" to have same gender sex. You CHOOSE to commit the act. Why should those of us who don't choose to hump the same sex or the neighbors dog have to pay for YOUR choice. Live together as friends - hump in private - we don't friggin want to hear about it!!
Well, I'll tell ya all, we aren't sitting back & taking it! I had a guy come after me with a knife as I was getting in my car. As many of us do now, I had a Louisville Slugger in my back seat. When he lunged at me I let him have it right in the temple. As he dropped the knife and fell to the ground convulsing, I called 911. "Self-defense", pure & simple the cops said. Now he needs someone to feed & dress him every day for the rest of his life & I feel GREAT about it! He wanted to kill me but got what HE deserved without the cost of a trial and incarceration! So come on assholes, I'm ready.
That sickens me. I am from Michigan, and I promise you not everyone is like that. I am very accepting of everyone regardless of their race, religion, and sexual orientation. Love you Perez!
Michigan is an ultra-conservative state, what do you expect?
Thats why all of michigan sucks… ANN ARBOR IS A WHORE…. GO BUCKS
It would be interesting to see the actual statistics, and not just the 133% figure. Were the victims of these crimes targeted b/c of their sexual orientation or was their orientation not a motivation for the crime? If they were targeted, then that's horrible, but the statistics seem suspect.
I am from Michigan (3rd generation Michigander) and we are in really tough economic times. I think poverty brings the worse out of society and the people that can turn this state are moving out in record numbers so they can get jobs and a future. I wont be long till I have to move away to get a job. I am not looking froward to it. But there's no jobs here!!
MY DREAM IS TO SEE ALL STATES LIKE THS
WE CANNOT MAKE THE ANAL INVADERS FEEL SAFE AND WELCOME
I FAVOR HAVING VIGILANTES GO AFTER THESE SODOMIZING CHILD MOLESTERS
WE WILL NOT REST UNTIL THERE ARE NO MORE FAGS OR DYKES
its about time homo,s knew the truth you are perverts can,t get a date with the other sex so lets suck a dick, super aids is out there waiting for you BRUCE
Re: me –
When are we an ultra-conservative?
Obama will win this state in the next election. And we have been blue for quite a while. Get your figures straight asshole
OR maybe people are just reporting hate crimes more.
Good…all the 'fruits' need to stay in California then. People in Michigan are nuts, so stay away ya' damn weirdo.
MI is depressing in so many ways
That's too bad… weird though, because I go to school in Ann Arbor (home to UMich) which is an extremely liberal town, and I've also heard has the highest amount of gays per capita (just go to club Necto on a Friday night, haha!).
It does SUCK. especially since I'm from Michigan! I'm a lover, not a hater. I love everyone. I'm sorry for the people who don't.
Gay power activate! We are going to take over the world. The population will eventually end because there won't be any conception going on. We'll just pushing mud and spread aids. hoo ray for homos!
Hey, I moved to MI from ATLANTA, GA. I miss Atlanta soooo bad. I really hate Michigan mainly because the economy sucks so bad. I moved up here with my Fiancee' and he has a good job but I have found NO luck. Eh, the people are pretty conservative in my area. But I love the gays.
Love you Perez!
yeah excuse me but i find this VERY offensive as well, as a michagander as well as thinking ANY hate crime is wrong, it's REALLY hard here in michigan rt now, and you perez and all those celebs you bitch about sit up in the lap of luxury, while i live in a state where its VERY difficult to even find a jo!!!!!! so please don't think ALL people in michigan feel this way and that we are a bunch of hicks, cause if that were true it would just give me another reason to get the fuck out of a state i can no longer tolerate!!!!!!!!!!!! it's just hard when you're ENTIRE family lives here!!!!!and another thing i'm sorry to say but the area of mich that i live in is EXTREMELY black and yeah it's nasty and FULL of crime here, i WOULD NOT recommend ANYONE moving here!lol gawd please help me……………………………….
FUCK YOU FAGS, GO REDWINGS. NO STICK SMOKERS IN DETROIT
Re: me – Unfortunately, I think you are wrong. Michigan is a liberal state that's why it's in shambles and been in shambles for quite a while. Did you know you can buy a house there (Detroit) for less than $2,000? Liberals have that place in the shitter. Hence, don't elect these liberal arts majors who don't have a clue how the real world works. People with high i.q.'s typically vote republican. The power hungry liberal politicians promise you handout recipients the world, but deliver you nothing. Can you say - Suckers!
waaaaaaa!!! welcome to the world.
Sure this is wrong - picking on a certain characteristic of a person and hating them for it - this time sexual orientation. However, isn't that what you do on this site, Perez? You seem to randomly pick someone for whatever reason (except being homosexual) and encourage a hate campaign against them disguised as bitchy gossip. Can't have it both ways…
To all of those that all of the sudden hate Michigan because of SOME of the ignorant people that live there, you are just as ignorant and intollerable as those that hate gays. Good job!
Re: I HATE GAYS!!! –
No one cares what you think. Keep your hate to your self!!
Welcome to Hillary's voting base. White trash, racist, bigoted, homophobic, uneducated rednecks.
Re: Gloria – You are 100% right!
i too am from michigan, and especially as someone who is an LGBTQ minor at umich these statistics are really disheartening, HOWEVER it is soo important to realize that every state, every region, every country has areas that are more accepting of "alternative lifestyles" (which is of course a completely arbitrary concept) and that are less accepting. we still need to make sure we pay attention to intolerance and violence that is occuring EVERYWHERE, even if it is less visible.
Gee Perez, aren't these some of the 328,151 votes that Hillary claims are hers? You can't celebrate and condemn them at the same time….
Re: I HATE GAYS!!! –
I hate close minded fools!
That's what you nasty fucks get for trying to shove your gay agenda down people's throats!!!! I keep telling you butt fucks your nasty ass lifestyle will never be accepted.
As a human being and a Michigander I am appalled by this report bead economy or not there is no excuse. My hope is that not only do these crimes go down in number, but that hateful legislation that was passed 4 years ago banning even the compromise called civil unions. We have a long way to go but we will fight to get there.
This is one of the only serious things you have posted where I COMPLETELY agree with you. It concerns AMERICAN citizens and issues that concern AMERICA!
Keep it up Perez!
Re: Gloria – First, you're wrong. People with higher IQ'S typically vote for the democrats. Second, Detroit is in shambles because of outsourcing and foreign auto companies. The state relied too much on the auto industry, and when it went sour, so did the economy. This has been happening for decades, and the Michigan economy is in a terrible position now. Get your facts straight. Republicans/Conservatives such as yourself need to learn how to develop an actual point with facts instead of a load of crap.
i'm hoping that this reported increase is due to people becoming increasingly comfortable stepping forward and saying, "yes, i'm gay, and THIS is what happened to me simply because of my sexuality. this is unfair and i refuse to sit back and do nothing."
Re: khlo blow –
I agree!
I'm from MI, and I find this type of behavior disgusting, to say the least.
I hate homophobic people! They suck!
I'm from MICHIGAN!
This is disgraceful.
I'm embarrassed.
Re: I HATE GAYS!!! – ur a fucking idiot….i hate you too!!
hey perez, it's michigan, and where I live, you get mugged downtown. this really isn't what our police are worried about (the murders and assaults, yes, harassment, not at all).
that's news to me as a lifelong MI resident! trust me not everyone in MI sucks!
geez i thought it was getting better & i hope 1 day to be like CA & have gay marriage legalized here as well! I am definitely in support of love & equality!!!
god that's mortifying!
I am from michigan and I almost cant believe it. We have a large gay community in ferndale and theyre are clubs in the detroit area. I think things tend to get a little crazy at these clubs but I never thought they was gay bashing. I didnt think people mind at all. I think things are getting better.
I'm from Michigan and DAMN I didn't know the gays were getting hated on so hard. Sad. If that's your lifestyle then more power to you, who cares. YES WE CAN!
hahaha good if we beat the shit out of enough of them it will stop all these fags from running around freely and eventually stop the violence because they started it by being gay in the first place. Im glad there is one state at least on the Egypt band wagon! Gays are useless to the human race, spread disease, and cant even reproduce (thank god).. they should all be quarantined to one spot and exterminated, just like a virus.. cause im pretty sure thats what causes gayness. Im petitioning to the government to adopt and egyptian style policy to deal with the gay acceptance problem, what kind of world are we building for the future generations? All who support the cause please contact me! Take back America!!
I live in Lansing, MI and take it from me, it's not just the gays and minorities suffering, it's everyone. Someone on like comment 50 something said something about MI and auto-industry and out-sourcing, ect and they are right. We Michiganders are ALL starting to feel the pinch of times. Not only are crimes against minorities up, but so are crimes against everyone. Just yesterday two men (who btw are black) decided that they needed a way to make money so they set off on a string of four armed robberies in a populated part of town in the middle of the day right behind a police station!! If that is not the difinition of desparation, then I don't know what is. What other people living in other states need to understand is that times are tough, but they are much tougher in the "Great" Lakes State than in any other. Now I am not in any way trying to excuse this insane 133% increase in crimes against minorities and gays. Iam just trying to help myself understand how this beautiful state that has harbored my family for five generations, this state that has been my home for my whole life got like this. Where did we go wrong Michiganders? It's time for a change!
Unfortunately, statistics are inherently unreliable. Based on this article, one cannot tell if the number of hate crimes has actually increased, if the reports have increased, or if both have increased. In any event, hate crimes are evil.
poorly researched story. . . Perez I'm disappointed in you!!!
I live in Ann Arbor and there is a very tolerant vibe here towards all folks. I think you can't paint all of Michigan with that same brush. there are ignorant folks all over the world.
Wow, I didn't know that. Ferndale, MI is full of homosexual people….and did y'all know Ferndale was the first city in Michigan to elect an openly gay mayor, Craig Covey, on November 6, 2007?
I'm from SOUTHWEST DETROIT!
Re: Gloria – Not quite. You are confusing old school economic "liberalism" (unions and all that) with social liberalism. The two do not always meet (maybe Dennis Kucinich). If you look at the Rust Belt, you will find the landscape littered with old retired union labor "economic liberals" who hate the queers, the (fill in the epithet), etc. I have relatives in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana and grew up in Pennsylvania, so trust me on this.
GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!GO PISTONS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!